good question.
Last year, my husband and I decided to try out a financial course that's advertised on the radio (Dave Ramsey's Financial Peace University... John, if I shouldn't mention it by name, go ahead and edit it out.). It's an inexpensive 13-week course that covered all of the major financial areas including budgeting for "renovate apartment" or "buy new fridge". I can't recommend the course enough, especially if you're in debt or you need to save for things like a college education.
Basically, you make a list of the things you want to buy, and each month, after you've paid off all your bills, you apply what's left over to one thing or another. You keep doing this month after month until things are paid off.
Once you've accumulated the money, then it becomes a project like any other that goes on your projects list.
I hope that helps a little.
Dena